No Effect of Ambient Odor on the Affective Appraisal of a Desktop Virtual Environment with Signs of Disorder
Identifieur interne : 001991 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001990; suivant : 001992No Effect of Ambient Odor on the Affective Appraisal of a Desktop Virtual Environment with Signs of Disorder
Auteurs : Alexander Toet [Pays-Bas] ; Martin Van Schaik [Pays-Bas] ; Nicolet C. M. Theunissen [Pays-Bas]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Desktop virtual environments (VEs) are increasingly deployed to study the effects of environmental qualities and interventions on human behavior and safety related concerns in built environments. For these applications it is essential that users appraise the affective qualities of the VE similar to those of its real world counterpart. Previous studies have shown that factors like simulated lighting, sound and dynamic elements all contribute to the affective appraisal of a desktop VE. Since ambient odor is known to affect the affective appraisal of real environments, and has been shown to increase the sense of presence in immersive VEs, it may also be an effective tool to tune the affective appraisal of desktop VEs. This study investigated if exposure to ambient odor can modulate the affective appraisal of a desktop VE with signs of public disorder.
Participants explored a desktop VE representing a suburban neighborhood with signs of public disorder (neglect, vandalism and crime), while being exposed to either room air or subliminal levels of unpleasant (tar) or pleasant (cut grass) ambient odor. Whenever they encountered signs of disorder they reported their safety related concerns and associated affective feelings.
Signs of crime in the desktop VE were associated with negative affective feelings and concerns for personal safety and personal property. However, there was no significant difference between reported safety related concerns and affective connotations in the control (no-odor) and in each of the two ambient odor conditions.
Ambient odor did not affect safety related concerns and affective connotations associated with signs of disorder in the desktop VE. Thus, semantic congruency between ambient odor and a desktop VE may not be sufficient to influence its affective appraisal, and a more realistic simulation in which simulated objects appear to emit scents may be required to achieve this goal.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078721
PubMed: 24250810
PubMed Central: 3826728
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">No Effect of Ambient Odor on the Affective Appraisal of a Desktop Virtual Environment with Signs of Disorder</title><author><name sortKey="Toet, Alexander" sort="Toet, Alexander" uniqKey="Toet A" first="Alexander" last="Toet">Alexander Toet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Soesterberg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Information and Computing Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Information and Computing Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Schaik, Martin" sort="Van Schaik, Martin" uniqKey="Van Schaik M" first="Martin" last="Van Schaik">Martin Van Schaik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Training & Performance, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Training & Performance, TNO, Soesterberg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Soesterberg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Theunissen, Nicolet C M" sort="Theunissen, Nicolet C M" uniqKey="Theunissen N" first="Nicolet C. M." last="Theunissen">Nicolet C. M. Theunissen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Training & Performance, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Training & Performance, TNO, Soesterberg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Soesterberg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24250810</idno><idno type="pmc">3826728</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826728</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3826728</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0078721</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002315</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002315</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001121</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002A93</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002A93</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002A93</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001A09</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001991</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001991</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">No Effect of Ambient Odor on the Affective Appraisal of a Desktop Virtual Environment with Signs of Disorder</title><author><name sortKey="Toet, Alexander" sort="Toet, Alexander" uniqKey="Toet A" first="Alexander" last="Toet">Alexander Toet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Soesterberg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Information and Computing Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Information and Computing Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Schaik, Martin" sort="Van Schaik, Martin" uniqKey="Van Schaik M" first="Martin" last="Van Schaik">Martin Van Schaik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Training & Performance, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Training & Performance, TNO, Soesterberg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Soesterberg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Theunissen, Nicolet C M" sort="Theunissen, Nicolet C M" uniqKey="Theunissen N" first="Nicolet C. M." last="Theunissen">Nicolet C. M. Theunissen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Training & Performance, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Training & Performance, TNO, Soesterberg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Soesterberg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Desktop virtual environments (VEs) are increasingly deployed to study the effects of environmental qualities and interventions on human behavior and safety related concerns in built environments. For these applications it is essential that users appraise the affective qualities of the VE similar to those of its real world counterpart. Previous studies have shown that factors like simulated lighting, sound and dynamic elements all contribute to the affective appraisal of a desktop VE. Since ambient odor is known to affect the affective appraisal of real environments, and has been shown to increase the sense of presence in immersive VEs, it may also be an effective tool to tune the affective appraisal of desktop VEs. This study investigated if exposure to ambient odor can modulate the affective appraisal of a desktop VE with signs of public disorder.</p></sec><sec><title>Method</title><p>Participants explored a desktop VE representing a suburban neighborhood with signs of public disorder (neglect, vandalism and crime), while being exposed to either room air or subliminal levels of unpleasant (tar) or pleasant (cut grass) ambient odor. Whenever they encountered signs of disorder they reported their safety related concerns and associated affective feelings.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Signs of crime in the desktop VE were associated with negative affective feelings and concerns for personal safety and personal property. However, there was no significant difference between reported safety related concerns and affective connotations in the control (no-odor) and in each of the two ambient odor conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Ambient odor did not affect safety related concerns and affective connotations associated with signs of disorder in the desktop VE. 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Rozin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Pays-Bas</li></country><region><li>Utrecht (province)</li></region><settlement><li>Utrecht</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Toet, Alexander" sort="Toet, Alexander" uniqKey="Toet A" first="Alexander" last="Toet">Alexander Toet</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Theunissen, Nicolet C M" sort="Theunissen, Nicolet C M" uniqKey="Theunissen N" first="Nicolet C. M." last="Theunissen">Nicolet C. M. Theunissen</name><name sortKey="Toet, Alexander" sort="Toet, Alexander" uniqKey="Toet A" first="Alexander" last="Toet">Alexander Toet</name><name sortKey="Van Schaik, Martin" sort="Van Schaik, Martin" uniqKey="Van Schaik M" first="Martin" last="Van Schaik">Martin Van Schaik</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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